Humanitarian Military JournalHumanitarian Military JournalГуманитарный военный журнал3034-7246Eco-Vector69370610.17816/hmj693706EYGATWHistorical papersИсторические статьиPersonalNikolay Pirogov’s contribution to medical support during the Crimean War (1853–1856)Вклад Н.И. Пирогова в медицинское обеспечение во время Крымской войны (1853–1856)4412-0197TsygankovRuslan A.ЦыганковРуслан Александрович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Military sciences), Assistant Professor

канд. воен. наук, доцент

PycDon@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8483-0223KutkinPavel I.КутькинПавел Игоревич
Russian Federation
pavelkytkin228@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2674-72861124-0939ShcherbininVasilii V.ЩербининВасилий Владимирович
Russian Federation
thisisnotvasyan@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-4160-5211SemenyukValeria K.СеменюкВалерия Константиновна
Russian Federation
Vacilissa136@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-8328-6013GarmashovOleg Zh.ГармашовОлег Жанович
Russian Federation
garmashovoleg@yandex.ruKirov Military Medical AcademyВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова30122025143053091910202523112025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://manmiljournal.ru/hmj/article/view/693706

Nikolay Pirogov (1810–1881), an outstanding surgeon and skilled manager, made a significant contribution to the development of the medical support system. Pirogov’s work included both the development of innovative treatment methods and structuring of the medical service, which earned him a key place in the history of battlefield medicine. The work used historical and medical analysis based on archive materials and the scientist’s publications. It is focused on the analysis of the effectiveness of the methods proposed by Pirogov during the siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855). It has been proven that his work was the foundation for contemporary battlefield surgery and the organization of the army’s medical service. An analysis of Pirogov’s professional activities in the 19th century shows his significant contribution to the development of battlefield surgery and anesthesiology. These achievements allowed to improve medical support in combat conditions and increase the medical support performance in the armed forces of the Russian Empire. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the contribution by Pirogov (1810–1881) to the development of the medical support system of the Russian Army during the Crimean War (1853–1856). This event was one of the first major armed conflicts that required significant transformations of the medical support system.

Н.И. Пирогов (1810–1881), выдающийся хирург и высококвалифицированный организатор, внес значительный вклад в развитие системы медицинского обеспечения. Деятельность Н.И. Пирогова включала как разработку инновационных методов лечения, так и структурирование медицинской службы, что позволило его фигуре занять ключевое местов истории военно-полевой медицины. Методологическую основу исследования составили принципы историко-медицинского анализа с привлечением архивных материалов и опубликованных трудов ученого. Особый акцент сделан на анализе эффективности предложенных Пироговым методов в условиях осады Севастополя (1854–1855). Доказано, что его деятельность заложила основы современной военно-полевой хирургии и организации медицинской службы армии. Анализ профессиональной деятельности Н.И. Пирогова в XIX в. демонстрирует его значительный вклад в развитие военно-полевой хирургии и анестезиологии. Эти достижения способствовали оптимизации медицинской помощи в условиях боевых действий и повышению эффективности медицинского обеспечения вооруженных сил Российской империи. В статье проведен комплексный анализ вклада Н.И. Пирогова в развитие системы медицинского обеспечения российской армии в период Крымской войны (1853–1856). Данное событие ознаменовало собой один из первых крупных вооруженных конфликтов, который потребовал существенных трансформаций в системе медицинского обеспечения.

Nikolay PirogovCrimean Warbattlefield surgeryhistory of medicinetriagingmilitary medicineН.И. ПироговКрымская войнавоенно-полевая хирургияистория медицинысортировка раненыхвоенная медицинаPirogov NI. Report on a journey to the Caucasus, containing complete statistics of amputations, statistics of operations performed on the battlefield and in various hospitals of Russia with the aid of anesthesia, experiments and observations on gunshot wounds, etc. Saint Petersburg: E. Pracz Printing House; 1849. 226 p. (In Russ.)Pirogov NI. Sevastopol letters of N.I. Pirogov. 1854–1855. Saint Petersburg: M.M. Stasyulevich Printing House; 1899. 172 p. (In Russ.)Sultanov IR, Niftaliev RN, Myasnikova OI, Gaisina LF. Stages of life and work of the genius Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov. Advances in Current Natural Sciences. 2011;(8):136–137. EDN: JWRPTVBogza KA, Dukul AV, Lebedinskikh DE, Zavartseva EM. The influence of physical training on the learning process and combat capability of troops in the military history of the state. Humanitarian Military Journal. 2025;1(1):39–44. doi: 10.17816/hmj643270 EDN: JLHISFPirogov NI. Report of professor N.I. Pirogov on the surgical operations performed by him from september 1852 to september 1853. Saint Petersburg: J. Trei Printing House; 1854. 62 p. (In Russ.)Gusarov VG, Zamyatin MN, Gorokhovatsky YI, et al. Patient safety as the foundation for the development strategy of the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of the Pirogov center. Bulletin of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov. 2022;17(4):4–12. doi: 10.25881/20728255_2022_17_4_2_4 EDN: EIILXFStoyko YM, Levchuk AL, Zhivotov VA, et al. Fidelity to Pirogov traditions and high medical technologies in modern surgery of the Pirogov center. Bulletin of the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov. 2022;17(4):40–41. doi: 10.25881/20728255_2022_17_4_1_40 EDN: EIILXFPirogov NI. Historical review of the activities of the exaltation of the cross community of sisters of care for the wounded and sick, in military hospitals in Crimea and the Kherson province, from December 1, 1854 to December 1, 1855. Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences Printing House; 1856. 33 p. (In Russ.)Pirogov NI. On the desirable transformations of the medico-surgical academy, by Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov: (Unpublished Manuscript). Saint Petersburg: J. Trei Printing House; 1902. 13 p. (In Russ.)Zubov AN, Yanishevskaya DI, Dukul AV, Dolzhikov VV. Analysis and comparison of medical personnel training at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy during the Great Patriotic War and at the present time. Humanitarian Military Journal. 2025;1(2):95–100. doi: 10.17816/hmj643320 EDN: IYSGZIKrachun GP. Professor N.V. Sklifosovsky (1836–1904): sources of achievements on a Course of life — in medicine, in development of the higher medical education in Russia. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2013;(1);417. EDN PWBCXVFetisova EY, Tolkacheva IV. The pedagogical heritage of N.I. Pirogov in the context of educating medical students. Bulletin of the Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian Research. 2021;(3):154–158. doi: 10.36809/2309-9380-2021-32-154-158 EDN: SVNWZF